Named after the Maya god Itzamná, the city of Izamal was established in pre-Hispanic times and grew to become an important regional power and pilgrimage site for followers of Itzamná and the Sun god Kinich Ahau. In what may seem like a rarity for the geologically flat Yucatán Peninsula, Izamal appears dotted with several small hills throughout.

One of these "hills" seems to have had its top cut off and a striking yellow-and-white church surrounded by many, many arches placed on its top. This building is the Convent of San Antonio de Padua. Finished in 1561 and still functioning as a convent, the hill it was built atop is actually a Mayan pyramid the Spanish conquistadors leveled into a terrace. 

The size of this atrium is second only to the Vatican. Pope John Paul II visited the city as part of a Mexican tour in 1993, and some local residents say the convent gained its signature colors to honor the Vatican flag. 

Today, practically every building in Izamal is painted in shades of yellow and white, with the convent most likely to have been the one to start the trend. But the proposed Vatican connection isn't the only theory behind the town's color scheme. One idea proposes that this particular color combination is surprisingly effective in keeping mosquitos at bay. A different possibility is that the colors represent the Sun and Kinich Ahau, and as such have been present to some degree or another from pre-Columbian times.